Custom Paper - Is it a Scam?

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Alzheimer s Disease The Most Common Type Of Dementia Essay

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain causing progressive memory loss and destroys thinking skills. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia, which is a general term used to describe disorders that affects brain functions. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by formations of plaques and tangles in the brain. A dangerous protein called beta-amyloid tends to build up over time in the brain. As this protein molecule accumulates, they start to form plaques, which can damage and destroy brain cells. While plaques affect the spaces between the brain cells, an abnormal protein known as â€Å"tau† starts affecting inside the brain cell itself. â€Å"Tau tangles can interfere with the transportation of nutrients in and out of the cells, causing brain cells to degenerate and die† (Kosik Bowman, 2015, p. 5). Some common symptoms for Alzheimer’s include memory loss, constantly misplacing things, unable to remember the names of family members, unable to communicate properly, and losing the ability to complete simple daily tasks. Alzheimer’s disease is a fatal disease, but patients don’t die from the disease itself. Advanced Alzheimer’s increases vulnerability and increases the chance of developing infections that soon lead to death. The Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia is a general term that is used to describe a disease or disorder that affects normal brain function by a decline in metal ability that can interfere with dailyShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Type Of Dementia1498 Words   |  6 Pages1. Alzheimer’s Disease a. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia b. Dementia is a term used to describe the disorders that affect the brain such as in memory loss. c. Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative brain disorder causing progressive memory loss and destroys thinking skills. d. First discovered by Alois Alzheimer (a German physician) who first discovered the disease in 1906. (Alzheimer’s and Dementia) e. First discovered, while Alois was preforming an autopsy on a woman whoRead MoreThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 PagesDementia can be defined as a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alz.org). More than often, individuals affected by dementia are over the age of 65. In the United States, there are more than three million cases of dementia each year. According to World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is causedRead MoreDementia And Alzheimer s Dementia995 Words   |  4 PagesDementia and Alzheimer s Dementia and Alzheimer’s was discovered by Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He discovered both of them, dementia is like Alzheimer’s just not as severe. Dementia has several different types, these include Alzheimer s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Front temporal dementia. The first changes you notice with dementia is Cognitive changes. These include memory loss, difficulty communicating or finding words, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with planningRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesone thing Alzheimer s cannot take away, and that is love. Love is not a memory - it s a feeling that resides in your heart and soul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease resultsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is An Ongoing Condition That Destroys The Connection Of Cells1689 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer s disease is an ongoing condition that destroys the connection of cells in the brain. According to the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA), it is estimated that as many as 5.1 million America ns have Alzheimer s disease today. Alzheimer s disease was discovered by a German physician named Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer saw changes in the brain tissue of a woman who died from what he presumed to be a mental illness. He described her symptoms as memory loss, language complicationsRead MoreDementia Is The Only Cause Death That Does Not Have A Cure972 Words   |  4 PagesDementia is the only cause of death that does not have a cure and cannot be prevented. It is the loss of mental functions such as thinking, memory, and reasoning that is severe enough to interfere with a person s daily functioning. Dementia is not the name of a specific disease itself, but rather a group of symptoms that are caused by various diseases or conditions. This is referred to as an umbrella term, a phrase that covers a broad interval or set of functions or items that all fall under a singleRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1086 Words   |  5 PagesDo you know what alzheimer’s disease is? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the fifth leading cause of death in ages 65 and older. â€Å"2010 Alzheimer s Disease Facts and Figures. Rep. Vol. 6. Chicago: Alzheimer s Association, 2010. Print. Alzheimer s and Dementia.† This disease is the deterioration of the brain that can, and probably will lead to brain loss that cannot be reversed. It is a very slow decline thatRead MoreIs Dementia A Progressive Brain Dysfunction?1016 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with dementia, one must suffer a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. While symptoms of dementia can vary greatly, the most common indicators are memory issues, communication and language impairment, and the loss of ability to focus and pay attention. Symptoms of dementia often tend to start out slowly and then gradually progress over time. Most of the types of dementia continue to worsen and are usually irreversible. Observable dementia signs may include:Read MoreThe Difference Between Dementia And Alzheimer s Disease1523 Words   |  7 Pagesthe difference between Dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Dementia is not a disease, it is a term used to describe Neurological conditions that involves some form of serious mental disorder such as memory loss, confusion, and impaired judgment. Alzheimer s is an actual disease, which is a form of Dementia and the most common type of Dementia; it is accountable for 60% - 80% of all cases of Dementia. Dementia has been around for many years dating back to the 1900 s. Dementia refers to a group of symptomsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Type Of Dementia910 Words   |  4 Pages Alzheimer’s disease Jordyn Marcx Anatomy Physiology 2 Professor Leal November 12, 2015 Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms usually develop slowly and get worse over time. Alzheimer s is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss. Alzheimer s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Alzheimer’s disease attacks the brain’s nerve cells causing memory loss. Alzheimer’s

Making of Rehabilitation Political Economy

Question: Discuss about the Making of Rehabilitation for Political Economy. Answer: Introduction To attain the monopoly market advantage most of the business operators tend to discriminate buyers regarding price when prices are reduced by the sellers, the number of people willing and able to buy commodities increase. On the other hand when prices have increased the demand of products decreases. In consideration of supply, price increase results in an increase in the supply of commodities. Subsequently, when a supplier wishes to increase demand, he or she lowers the prices of products to enable many to purchase the product increasing demand In some cases, suppliers tend to reduce the availability of products in the market to sell at higher prices (Greco, 2009). For instance, price occurs where a producer charges a different price for similar products to individuals in same economic level (Harris, 2001). A particular manufacturer will charge low prices for a specific buyer believed to be economical unstable. By selling at lower prices to low-income individuals, the producer sells more. Nevertheless, a supplier will increase prices to the high-income individuals and still achieve hiked income objective. As seen in the diagrams above, monopoly is a free market where the single producer in the market can employ both prices downscale and upscale to achieve the objectives. A seller can obtain the profits intended by selling products to each buyer according to their ability. This is termed as perfect discrimination as in the above diagrams. An economy according to the economists is perfect when produced commodities can be used to acquire other products. Various economies have shifting levels of various resources such as natural resources, human resources, and capital resources. Strategies used by different economies to produce commodities also vary in most cases but same goals to achieve. There are unceasingly prospects dedicated to every choice a nation sorts to create commodities. In this way, the forgone alternatives for products can be well explained. Countries tend to produce specific products and acquire other products from other states. This kind of production is termed as specialization leading to stable economies of the countries (Gritzer Arluke, 2009). The country should, therefore, produce a product to trade with a commodity with greater opportunity cost. When countries are producing goods from their natural resources the amount or prices, tend to be low compared to those produced with inadequate resources. A country should, therefore, specialise in a given line of production and obtain other products they cannot produce with ease from other countries which can produce the product. Equally, where a different nation has the ability, and absolute advantage to produce a product which another economy are able and willing to import, both the two economies tend to have better trading opportunities and relationship (Chu Wang, 2008). Trade remains advantageous to both economies even when one enjoys an absolute advantage in producing both products for trade. Given any two products, an economy has a comparative advantage in the good that has an inferior opportunity cost. Conclusion In conclusion, specialization by countries enables them to trade in terms premeditated in a manner that both economies decrease opportunity cost of the commodities of trade. For trading activities to occur there must be an exchange of one product for another, therefore if any country can produce all the goods, then there is no need for trade. References Chu, C. C., Wang, C. (2008), Economy of specialization and diseconomy of externalities Journal of Public Economics, 69(2), 249-261 Greco, A. (2009), on the economy of specialization and division of labour in Platos Republic. Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought, 26(1), 52-72. Gritzer, G., Arluke, A. (2009) the making of rehabilitation: A political economy of medical specialization, 1890-1980 (Vol. 15). University of California Press Harris, E. (2001). Workshop, household and marketplace: the nature of technical specialization in classical Athens and its influence on economy and society.

Narcissism Essays (606 words) - Narcissism, Narcissus, Self-esteem

Narcissism Is our negative branding of narcissism a defense against a demanding call of the soul to be loved? Thomas Moore Care of the Soul Narcissism is the egotistic sense of self-importance, but paradoxically underneath this attitude, the narcissist is simply a victim of a fragile low self-esteem. It is the underlying sense of inferiority that is the real problem of the narcissist, and their pretense is just a disguise used to cover their deeper feelings of inadequacy. Since narcissists are often incapable of asserting genuine self-meaning, they seek admiration from others because they desire acceptance and approval (as we all do) but lack the ability to find any from within. In looking at the story of Narcissus, I was so inspired by the new translation and meaning given to it by Thomas Moore. By denying our narcissistic tendencies and by labeling this part of our shadow as negative, we our only stifling the growth that our soul desires. The further we push narcissism away from us by disown ing it, the more self consumed we actually become. Narcissus longed to love, and not until he discovered himself was he able to do so. When he was able to clearly see himself in the pool of water, he than experienced a life transformation. Bob Keagan, as discussed in class, would better explain that Narcissus was in a state of transition. Narcissism is a condition in which a person does not love himself. (Moore, p 71) In my own life, self-love was one of the greatest and most valuable lessons learned through very difficult circumstances. I discovered that the importance of self-acceptance must first be established from within if I was ever to sincerely receive love from another. Thomas Moore explains that the greatest curses in our lives are actually blessings in disguise because not until we are in a state of need, do we desire change. I love the description that Moore gives of Narcissus at the pool. He explains that what is taking place is a transforming, and life-threatening, psy chotic episode (Moore, p 59). His narration is such an accurate depiction of how we all feel while in the state of transition. As we have discussed in class, we often must become uncomfortable before growth will occur. Although Narcissus discovered the outward appearance of himself, the pool identified the depth and core of his person. His reflection was much deeper than the surface, and he was able to see himself for the first time as an object, and only then was he able to love himself (Moore, p 63). For me, this was a profound statement because seeing oneself as an object means shifting from an egocentric and shallow mindset to a much deeper and heartfelt state which is much greater than the surface person we tend to embrace. Love of a new image of self leads to new knowledge about oneself and ones potential (Moore, p 63). Our potential does not create our attitude, but our attitude creates our potential. When people change their perception of self, then their lives will inevitab ly display an outward change as well. Embracing our narcissism simply means that we pay attention and learn from it. When we display narcissistic behavior, or when we find ourselves offended by narcissistic people, we must pay close attention to what our soul is telling us. For if narcissism is an outward display of our lack of inward love, than our soul is merely seeking to be nourished and needs greater acceptance and approval from within. Psychology

Informative Essay Sample on Whatcom County

Informative Essay Sample on Whatcom County Introduction USA has about 50 States and Washington State is one of the fifty states in USA having 12th largest population, and Whatcom County is country located in Washington State. It has been abundantly bestowed with natural resources and excellent topography, which supports agriculture and other industries. Due to recent trend of migration, many racial ethnic minorities have moved in this state and they have developed a unique set of culture. It holds great importance due to presence of Pacific Ocean and many Rivers. WHO Whatcom County has a total area of 6,485 km2 of which 5,500 km2 is land and 995 km2 is water which makes up of 15.34% of total area.There are five main ethnic groups that reside in Whatcom County including, whites, Latino/Hispanic, Asians, Pacific Islanders, African Americans and Native Americans(pascenter.org). The population density of Whatcom County comprises of 79 people per square mile. The racial ethnic population comprises of 88.4% of White people, African American people comprises of 0.69% of total population of Whatcom County , Native American or Latin American comprises of 2.82% of total population, 2.78% are Asian where 0.14% are Islander, further, according to survey of 2000 Hispanic or Latino’s ethnic population comprises of 15.5%,German 9%, Englishmen 8.2% and other races makes up 2.66% of the total population. A household median income in the county is $40,005, and the median income for a family was $49,325. The per capita income of Whatcom County is $20,025. Al most 7.8% of the families which makes 14.20% of the total population lives below the poverty line (bizjournals.com/seattle/morning_call/2012/11/washington-state-13th-highest-median.html) WHAT Whatcom County has valuable shorelines, lakes and rivers through which it is also famous for its fishing; hence it has valuable marine resources. In addition to that, industry has forest which produces finest lumber. High-quality wood and it’s by products are produced and paper companies are also found here; hence, forestry an important part that has been contributing towards states economy. It is also producing farm products that include vegetables and fruits. Wine industry has also been a fast growing industry.It also produces hydroelectric power.(ehow.com/list_7211053_list-natural-resources-washington-state.html#ixzz2arrAWXWw). It has topography that has glaciers, mountains and low-lands. Mountains of the Coast Ranges arecovering north and south along the Pacific coast. It has dams and lakes. In the western part of the Whatcom county has Pacific Ocean,and due to its presence the climate is humid and moderate, winds from the ocean cools the land in summer and warms it in winter; and in this region rainfall is heavy. In the eastern region winters are cool and summers are hotter. In the western part it has dense forest whereas in eastern part they have sparser forests. In low lands shrubs and grasses are found. (http://geography.howstuffworks.com/united-states/geography-of-washington1.htm). People in Whatcom County have mainly been associated with farming.Due to presence of ocean, rivers and lakes, they are rich in Marine resources so they are associated with fish farming. Apart from that, due to presence of natural resources people have been employed in the field related to science and technology.Main exports of Whatcom County includePulp, Paper Paperboard Mill Products, Fruit Vegetable Preserves, Basic Chemicals and Other General Purpose Machinery. It is also one of the greatest exporter of fruit Vegetable Preserves includes Dairy Products, Meat Meat-Packing Products, fish, Grains, Seafood Products, Canned, Prepared, Animal Foods, Bakery Tortilla Products and Sugar Confectionery Products and these are exported by Japan, Canada, Philippines, Mexico, China, South Korea, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Taiwan and Indonesia, WHERE It lies in U.S state of Washington, in its north it has an international boundary of Canada and Oregon lies in its south. On the western side there is vast Pacific Ocean. As it is surrounded by Pacific Ocean from one side it has a very well developed fishing industry. And due to its favorable topography it has been able to develop its marine life, agriculture industry and exports food and raw ingredients. (netstate.com/states/geography/wa_geography.htm) WHEN With the presence of water it has well developed marine resources; Rocky shores are habitat of many marine lives. With the development in technology dams were built in and hence now it is largest producer of hydroelectric power and with the presence of ocean and rivers it has developed a fishing industry. For agricultural product greenhouse effect has been used which is causing pollution, causing Global warming. (http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/greenhouse-effect/?ar_a=1) WHY Immigration has brought together many racial ethnic groups to this stated creating a new and innovative, melting pot culture. This has increased innovation in farming and other fields. But due to industrialization pollution and global warming has been damaging the physical features of this State. Conclusion Due to its physical geography Whatcom County’s coast has numerous benefits it has valuable marine life including flora and fauna and it has been able to produce a great amount of electricity through hydroelectric power plans and dams. Further due to various natural resources and well developed agricultural sector it has been able to export many agricultural.Since, diversity in its population has increased innovation and productivity.

Understanding Convenience Samples

Understanding Convenience Samples The process of statistical sampling involves selecting a collection of individuals from a population. The way that we do this selection is very important. The manner in which we select our sample determines the type of sample that we have. Among the wide variety of  types of statistical samples, the easiest type of sample to form is called a convenience sample. Definition of Convenience Samples A convenience sample is formed when we select elements from a population on the basis of what elements are easy to obtain. Sometimes a convenience sample is called a grab sample as we essentially grab members from the population for our sample. This is a type of sampling technique that does not rely upon a random process, such as we see in a simple random sample, to generate a sample. Examples of Convenience Samples To illustrate the idea of a convenience sample, we will think of several examples. It is really not very hard to do this. Just think of the easiest way to find representatives for a particular population. There is a high likelihood that we have formed a convenience sample. To determine the proportion of green MMs produced by a factory, we count the number of green MMs in our hands that we took out of the package.To find the mean height of all third-grade students in a school district, we measure the first five students who are dropped off in the morning by their parents.In order to know the mean value of homes in our town, we average the value of our home with our neighbors homes.Someone wants to determine which candidate is likely to win an upcoming election, and so she asks everyone in her circle of friends who they intend to vote for.  A student is working on a survey of students attitudes toward college administrators, and so he talks to his roommate and other people on the floor of his residence hall. Problems with Convenience Samples As indicated by their name, convenience samples are definitely easy to obtain. There is virtually no difficulty in selecting members of the population for a convenience sample. However, there is a price to pay for this lack of effort: convenience samples are virtually worthless in statistics. The reason that a convenience sample cannot be used for applications in statistics is that we are not assured that it is representative of the population that it was selected from. If all of our friends share the same political leanings, then asking them who they intend to vote for in an election tells us nothing about how people across the country would vote. Furthermore, if we think about the reason for random sampling, we should see another reason why convenience samples are not as good as other sampling designs. Since we do not have a random procedure to select the individuals in our sample, although our sample is likely to be biased. A randomly selected sample will do a better job of limiting bias.

Southeast Asian in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Southeast Asian in the US - Essay Example It is important to understand the term Secondary Migration because it clearly defines why a South East Asian parentage child would consider himself purely American instead of a product of what they commonly term â€Å"the old world† of their parents. Midway to nowhere on the other hand, defines the state of mind that a refugee who fled his homeland in a panic oftentimes has. Refugees in this state of mind arrive in their country or place of asylum without any concrete plans and is forced to choose among three choices for his future. The first choice is to return home. Second, remain where he landed in his quest for asylum. Or third, Accept the offer of other countries for refuge in his quest for asylum. All these choices face a person who left his land without any solid plans except to survive which is he, later on in his life, sometimes exhibits regret in his final decision. This is an experience usually shared by the Viet refugees in America. It is a decision that has them always thinking about the old world and sometimes, sees them taking the secondary migration family members back to their country of roots in order to relive their past

Approve or disapprove each proposal and provide your reasons such as Research Paper

Approve or disapprove each proposal and provide your reasons such as costs, benefits and ethical issues raised in relation to your recommendation to Approve or Disapprove - Research Paper Example If anyone has ever heard of the Tuskegee experiment, or the human experiment performed on Guatemalans by infecting them with STD’s, one knows the dangers that can be inherent upon experimenting on people—which may abound. This research will delve into whether the proposed research and cost, the experimental group and benefits, and the control group and ethics are balanced in experimenting with human subjects. Your committee is the State University IRB. Dr. Jones is interested in the effect of stress on performance on the McCord Intelligence Test. She feels that the test, which is very †¨widely used in public schools, gives misleadingly low scores to kids under stress. The proposed research is about how stress affects student performances on the McCord intelligence test. However, one of the difficulties with such a test is the way in which the experiment was conducted. In order to measure stress—instead of having one group told they had failed and having one group told they had passed—that would not have factored in to stress as much as other ways of testing this. For example, the experimental group could have been given various stressing tasks to do before the test—such as writing a timed essay—while the other group, the control group, would not have to write such an essay before being tested. This would more effectively test the results of stress on students taking tests, some of whom may either underperform on assessments or might have anxiety problems. These people tend not to score well. She †¨wants to divide her subjects (college students) into two groups of 20 each. All subjects †¨will take a bogus pretest and will be given their "results." The experimental group will be †¨told that they failed the test and that it is surprising that they were able to do well enough †¨in high school to get into college. The benefits of the study do not

Beautiful!.... Great God! Essay Example for Free

Beautiful!. Great God! Essay What do chapters 2, 3,4,5,9 and 10 reveal about Mary Shelleys attitude to knowledge? Mary Shelley is a gothic writer, who (through this novel Frankenstein) has been able to create a hybrid form of gothic literature, a gothic/horror genre which allows Shelley to convey a more realistic terror, one that resides within the psyche instead of a form outside , an example would be Ghosts. Her knowledge on different subjects allows her to create a realistic world in the novel, possibly even criticising her own husband Percy Shelley, who searched for knowledge and in doing so became egotistical and self obsessed like a true romantic just like Frankenstein and other romantic characters like him. Shelley was always surrounded by intelligent people, which were mainly her father and his inner circle that also included her husband. These people encouraged Shelley to educate herself and develop her own opinions. Shelley found the gothic genre a perfect place in which she could air her thoughts, such as a critical view of certain powers in her society and imply things about the industrial revolution through subtle remarks in the novel. The novel itself was a product of Shelley taking up a challenge to write a ghost story, which was her chance to give a dire warning to society (through the didactic tone throughout the novel) that, embraces experimenting and questing for the unknown which so much part of her culture but at the same time playing on the fears of the middles classes lack of knowledge as at the same time graves were being dug up and bodies used which made this tomb quite fearful to its readers and intriguing as Shelley brings many ethical issues on the subject of science. Throughout the novel Shelley has much to say on the concept of knowledge as she includes many remarks like when Shelleys warning us, readers of the danger of knowledge when it is used to obtain power. What had been the study and desire of the wisest man since the creation of the world was now within my grasp. The use of the word grasp an creation suggests that Frankenstein wants to become mnipotent and play god. Remarks such as that show Shelleys critical views on her society, on issues such as science, how a man can become obsessed with something dangerous to either themselves or others , probably both , this also could be seen as another reference to her own husbands obsession with knowledge and this warning is actually to him. Frankenstein experience in university is very important in the text as that is where he forms his strong friendship with Henry clerval, guided and ridiculed by his professors and the actual place where he created the creature. Frankensteins first experience of university were feelings of isolation and melancholy which worsened through the ridicule of his work by his first professor Kriempe who tells him not to waste his time on the trash that he has read up until now. This maybe Shelley suggesting that ignorance isnt a bad thing because once Frankenstein starts delving into new areas which allows him to create the creature which causes so many problems. Shelley shows us this ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise in the paragraph in which Frankenstein realises that the creature he has created is not beautiful as he intended but a monster in his eyes I had selected his features as beautiful, Beautiful!. Great God! This quote is Frankenstein in hindsight looking at his creature and realising his folly. The use of the words Great God! show that his wisdom was of no use. Even though his professors didnt really guide Frankenstein in the right way, Frankenstein still follows there wisdom to folly, in the creation of the monster.

Essay on John Milton’s Paradise Lost and the War in Heaven

Paradise Lost and the War in Heaven  Ã‚  Ã‚      From the beginning of book 1 the war in heaven seems more than a simple, finished event. In reality, we have the authorized formal side presented: the war was ambitious, impious, proud, vain, and resulting in ruin. Satan’s first speech implies that there was another side-even after we have partly discounted the personal tones of the defeated leader who speaks of the good old lost cause, â€Å"hazard in the Glorious Enterprise.† That too is a formal side, presented by the losing actor in the drama. Then Satan goes on, to reveal, before he can pull himself together in defiance, something more:    Into what Pit thou seest From what highth fal’n, so much the stronger provd He with his thunder: and then who knew The force of these dire Arms? (I, 91, ff)    A little later the surprise has been bolstered with a kind of indignation:    But still his strength conceal’d Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall. (I, 641 f.)    We soon learn that we cannot get answers in hell, but we begin to see certain questions, and the possibility that their answers may appear when we see the actual dramatic presentation of the rebellion. For one thing, Satan’s â€Å"innumerable force† receives a definite tally later- it is only one third of the angels. And this fact will look different when we learn that God opposes the enemy force with an equal number only, and then puts a fixed limit on the individual strength of the contestants, and then sends only the Son against the rebels, and with His strength limited too. Satan puts so much concentration on having shaken the throne of god, against â€Å"His utmost power†-â€Å"Who from the terrour of this Arm so late/... ...s; and then the gigantic niceness of the detail that pictures the mountains, pulled up by the tops, coming bottom side up toward them. In between we are forced to look away, to separate ourselves from the action, and see it as a spectator, not as a participator. In the grand finale of physical ridicule the rebels are again left exposed to laughter by the interrupted point of view. Never do they appear so ridiculous, not even as a timorous flock, as when they are caught isolated between the before and the behind.    This is to be understood metaphorically, as the climax of their physical humiliation. It does not last, any more than their later mass metamorphosis into serpents, with which this is parallel. But it is a punishment, on the material level, for the material nature of their sin. If they regain their form in hell, that is because they regain free will.

Henry Walker and the Three of Hearts Essay

Henry Walker, the self-made Negro magician or rather the â€Å"self-made freak† can simply present his life through the analysis of his signature card trick – the use of the Three of Hearts. Each of these hearts represents one of the women who played significant roles in his life. These women were his mother, his sister Hannah, and his assistant and lover, Marianne la Fleur. Henry’s mother The mother of Henry Walker best represents the primary source of tragedy in the story. It can be noted that the setting of the story best emphasizes its tragic theme only when the plot reaches a recollection of Henry’s youth, where the young boy loses his mother. In one way or another, Henry’s mother symbolized familial care and love which should be nurturing, supportive, and developmental – something which the â€Å"magician† was deprived of at a very young age. Technically, the lack of a mother equated to the lack of family, the conflict which Henry tries so hard to resolve all throughout the story. To a certain sense, the mother – or rather the lack of having a mother best depicts Henry Walker as a â€Å"lost soul in perpetual mourning over his departed family†. She is the first of Henry’s losses and probably the most dreadful of all. However, unlike other losses, the loss of Henry’s mother is probably the only real event in the story which is not masked by any illusion or schizophrenic dilemma. It was clear that his mother died from a disease before his ninth birthday and from there, his life has gone towards the worst as he is left in the arms of his lying father. To a certain sense, much of Henry’s doomed destiny can be blamed on the fact that he had lost his mother. With a mother, perhaps Henry might have had a more â€Å"real† life and he might have not lived under pretentious and perplexing situations fostered by his imagination and his father’s false encouragements. The role of the mother was to create a â€Å"real† reality, upholding a family that is essential for the foundation and formation of emotionally, socially, and psychologically healthy individuals. The lack of fulfillment for this motherly role in Henry Walker’s life shows why almost everything went wrong. It can also be noted that whenever the lack of motherly care is tackled in the story, Henry is almost always merely seen as a little young boy – helpless and innocent, not an egomaniac who is forging stories and lies for his own benefit. With his mother, Henry becomes a victim of life’s cruelty, a once pure soul who has been corrupted because of the lack of love. As such, apart from setting what was supposed to be real and right in the magician’s life, the mother was supposed to maintain Henry’s chasteness. Through his mother, Henry is blameless and naive: â€Å"You have to know what’s true to lie and Henry didn’t. He didn’t know the difference. † What’s more is that the early loss of a mother therefore established a series of losses for Henry. As noted in the book, for Henry, life is â€Å"One losing battle after another†¦ Winning doesn’t even exist, really, not as something you can hold on to; it’s just something that happens between losses. † Henry’s sister, Hanna If Henry’s mother – or rather the lack of her – was the ultimate source of tragedy in the magician’s life, his sister Hannah was the reverse. Although the boy also lost her sister when he was nearing eleven, the loss of her sister gave his life meaning – although an illusionary one. As shown in the story, because Henry Walker believed that his sister was stolen by the Devil – Mr. Sebastian, he had devoted his life into looking for her. That search gave her a source of life and a direction which he cannot simply find. In this sense, Hannah symbolized a crusade for both vengeance and righteousness for the magician. Hannah’s loss shows the different side of the magician – one who is no longer lured by innocence and youthfulness. Instead, through the vanishing of his sister, Henry becomes a miracle worker, someone that has power and will to defeat the devil. This determination and motivation originating from the loss of his loved one and from his guilt showed a singular Henry, a surprising persona that cannot be expected from a feeble man that the â€Å"Negro† magician posed himself to be. As claimed by Adam Sobsey, â€Å"When late in the book he (Henry Walker) declares that he’s spent his entire life looking for his lost sister and her kidnapper, it’s almost a surprise: He’s scarcely shown that kind of will or anima. He is, in the words of one character, ‘like a puddle in the sun: every day he became smaller and smaller. ’† Hannah symbolized the fight against evil for Henry. As noted by the Daniel Wallace, the author, in one of his interviews: â€Å"The stories that Henry has embraced, generated by his father, that only the Devil could have engineered the taking away of Henry’s sister. So, Henry had to believe in that evil in order to set himself up as a force of good in the world. † This was symbolically emphasized in the story as Hannah was often referred to have angelic qualities. As such, the loss of Hannah – which Henry though was his fault – made Henry’s life a struggle between good and evil and that somehow presented a sense of order into the complexities of the real scenarios that the magician was involved in. However, Hannah was also a source of Henry’s tortuous frustrations for he never can really rescue her from the â€Å"Devil† and Henry will never win against evil. This was emphasized by Henry in the novel: â€Å"Evil always wins†¦ Eventually evil wins. We fight it because it’s the right thing to do, but in the end we’ll always lose. Always. Because to be good- truly good- there are rules, we have rules inside of us, rules we have to follow to be that way, to stay good. And evil can do anything it wants to. It’s not a fair fight. † Wallace, the author, also notes that Henry will always fail at his goal to defeat the Devil because â€Å"The fact is that evil doesn’t exist. There isn’t this Manichean struggle between the two. † Marianne La Fleur, the unattainable Marianne La Fleur, the stage assistant, was the centerpiece in Henry Walker baffling life. In the novel, Henry brings her back to life in one of his shows. This stunt proves to be a success in Henry’s career. This somehow symbolizes Henry’s one good shot back at life; however, the trick fails to receive much awe as its eeriness does not impress the popular audience. In his attempt to love and to be loved, Henry also fails to no avail. Yet, Marianne serves a very defining role in Henry’s life. In a sense, she was the magician’s hope to life and love which remains unattainable, despite their similarities in â€Å"freakishness†. If Henry was presented as a man who had a devastatingly depressing life, his assistant – whom he loved – mirrored the same degree of oddity that he posed: â€Å"Marianne La Fleur was not ugly, though; she was something worse. She was scary. Or no – haunted. She was a haunted woman about whom, when you looked at her, you would wonder, What happened to her? . . . She was odd, and everything she did was odd. . . . Ask her a question, and there was always an uncomfortable pause before she replied. Even the simplest question, ‘How are you? ’ One, one thousand, two, one thousand, three. Fine, she said. One, one thousand. ‘How are you? ’† As described in the novel, Marianne was someone whose characteristics dwell between the living and dead. She was as troubled as the magician and that was probably why he became attracted to her. Through Marianne, Henry defines his fondness of the odd and the haunted. By being attracted to his weird stage assistant who is described as â€Å"a creature ever fluttering on the border between Life and Death†, the magician embraces the divergence from normalcy and tries to embrace the life of a â€Å"freak†. This tendency to be fond of what’s strange and unnatural gave him what he was always looking for: the love of a family. The freakishness was what defined the people who were in the circus – the people whom, as based on their narratives and recollections of Henry – loved and cared for the magician in the way that his family failed to do so. In the narratives of Rudy the Strongman, Jenny the Ossified Girl and JJ the Barker, the life of Henry was delivered not only to deliberately emphasize the horrors of the magician’s life. Rather, through their narrations, Henry was given more than pity. The circus denizens sympathized with their friend and even honored him by saying that â€Å"In the end, Henry was a man with two stories: one story was about revenge, and the other was about love. † In Henry’s life, Marianne was both his mother’s and his sister’s substitute. Through her, the author was able to emphasize an important theme that he tried to present in the story: â€Å"It’s about getting (a) family, losing (a) family. All of the stories presented are about family. Henry loses one family, but in the end he gets another since the circus becomes a family in itself, where the freaks are able to live a normal life with each other and love each other as real people, where their similarities are more important than their differences. † Marianne was the supposed fulfillment to Henry’s final vision which is to gain â€Å"that final ideal of community and family and being a part of the world. † References: Sobsey, Adam (2007). Mr. Sebastian and the Negro Magician: The new novel from Chapel Hill’s Daniel Wallace. Published 25 Jul 2007 (Retrieved April 6, 2009 from http://www. indyweek. com/gyrobase/Content? oid=oid%3A157570) Turner, Daniel Cross (2009). The Magical Work of Fiction: An Interview with Daniel Wallace. Published March 2009 (Retrieved April 6, 2009 from http://www. storysouth. com/2009/03/interview-with-daniel-wallace. html) ____________ (2007). Bigger Fish Swim in Wallace’s Latest. Published 19 August 2007 in the Mobile Register (Retrieved April 6, 2009 from http://www. weirdplots. com/2007/08/that-old-multicolored-magic. html) Wallace, Daniel (2007). Mr. Sebastian and the Negro Magician. Doubleday. 257 pp.

8 Stages of Man

Cameron Roney Lifespan Development Eight Stages of Man Interview General question on childhood: I interviewed a seventy year old woman named Virginia that I met while doing my community service. I asked her to think about her first ten years of life and to describe times that she can remember being cared for. She said that it was her grandmother that did most of the caretaking for her, especially when she was sick. She recalled one time when she had a really bad sinus infection that her grandmother helped her through.When I asked her if she could think of any time she was not very well cared for, the only time she could think of is when her father would come home bombed, which sparked some intense arguments in the family. She recalled feeling very lost during these times. Fun times in her childhood consisted of time with her family since she did not have any friends as a child. Specifically, she remembered having a lot of fun planting pumpkin seeds with her family. Trust vs. Mistrust : I asked her to describe her relationship with her parents. She said they were very close, and she went hunting with her father often.She got a lot of adult attention. She considered herself to be pretty self reliant and optimistic despite her loneliness. She feels that her seclusion from children her age was a big factor in developing her independence and self reliance. She was trustful of her parents and family, and trustful in herself to deal with most problems that arose in her life at that time. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt: Virginia reported to be fairly active, and she is. She runs a local community donation center and does a great deal of work for her church. She describes herself as self reliant.When looking back, she does not feel that she relied on others very much. She considered herself to be adventurous, but not careless. She was not overly fearful, but she wasn’t overly risky either. All in all, she is a very active woman for being seventy years old. Initiative vs . Guilt: When I asked her about her efforts to stay active, she spoke about her work involving the construction of a new church, her being the chairman of the building committee, and her work at the community donation center. She does a lot to help care for her mother and helps her children when she can.She says that all of this is a handful, but she enjoys the activity. She says that when she was younger she did consider herself to be a creative person and could think outside the box. She is an extremely able bodied woman for her age. Industry vs. Inferiority: I asked her to describe her career and her accomplishments. She recalls her thirty five years as a physical therapist. She considered it her responsibility and calling in life. She talked about one boy in particular that she worked with who lived out of town.She worked with him for three years because no one else could reach him. When I asked her about times when she felt that she had been competent and productive and develop ed her skills. She recalls doing a lot of odd jobs which taught her a lot of new skills. She found creative ways to solve problems unique to the different fields she worked in. When I asked her to describe some times that she felt incompetent or ineffective she talked about times when she would overburden herself with too many jobs or trying to handle an extremely large workload herself.She considers herself competent and capable, and really has accomplished a lot in her time. General Question on Identity: I asked her to think about her encounters with her peers when she was between 10 and 19 years of age. She said that she was not so accepted by those around her. She was overweight as a kid. She moved to a new high school which was in a city. This was tough on her because she had grown up in a very secluded setting and she lagged socially. She considered this a huge cultural shift for her. She felt very lost and really had a hard time finding herselfIdentity vs. Identity Diffusion: When I asked her about her experiences as a teenager trying to find herself and who she was and what she wanted out of life, she said that she had always wanted to help people. She wanted to be an architect for the longest time, but she was discouraged when her sister got very sick and saw the therapy she went through. She said that is when she decided to become a therapist. She says that she has a very strong sense of who she is and what her purpose is now. She also says that she is fairly headstrong and not easily influenced by others.To sum up, she has a strong sense of identity. General Intimacy Question: I asked Virginia to think back to her twenties and thirties and the experiences with imported others in her life at that time. She said she had a lot of support and encouragement from those close to her. She was not dependant, but it definitely helped her through some rough times in her life. Intimacy vs. Isolation: I asked her to describe her marriage, and this is where the b ulk of the interview took place. She said that her marriage was rough at first.Her husband was an ex-marine who killed 14 men during his time in the military. He was introverted and very little communication took place between them. It took him thirty years to open up to her. She says that the last years of their marriage have been the most rewarding. Her only sibling died when she was eighteen, but when she was alive they were very close. She was teased a lot, although there was not much fighting between them. They relied on each other for fun which brought them very close together. I asked her who she felt the most comfortable confiding in.She said that she only really felt comfortable confiding in her grandmother and father, but they have both passed away. I asked her if there was anyone close to her that she felt she couldn’t really open up to. Aside from her husband until the later part of their marriage, she talked about her children. She has four, and of all of them th e oldest is the most independent. This caused a lot of friction between them during his adolescents and young adulthood, but they have since grown closer. Her third daughter has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and she has spent a lot of time trying to help her open up.In my opinion, the only time that she has had any real intimacy with those close to her was during her early childhood and late adulthood. Most of her life between those times she seems to have been pretty isolated. General Generativity Question: I asked her to reflect on her life from ages thirty to sixty five. I asked her to describe he experiences of taking care of others around her. This was a pretty depressing part of the interview. She said that she often felt inadequate as a mother. She says that she should have gone another direction regarding the way that she brought them up, and that she often regretted having children.She is now pretty involved with her children, and she helps her youngest daught er financially. She gives advice when she is asked. She has definitely taught and helped her children, but I think that it is pretty clear that she lacks a feeling of generativity. Generativity vs. Stagnation: I asked if she feels that she has done enough to have a positive impact on those around her. She feels that from her experiences she has learned to do better and guide gently. She considers herself to be pretty understanding. I asked her in what ways she has tried to pass along her knowledge.She says that she has passed her knowledge along to her children, and she has done a lot of work with juvenile offenders in her community service. She says that she always tried to accept them for who they were, regardless of what they were dealing with. Regarding generativity, she has had a hard time with it, but she feels that she does a lot better now that she has her experiences to draw back to. General Question on Integrity: I asked her about her lifestyle compared to others, and she said that she lives a relatively laid back life. She is fairly chilled out and relaxed. She tries to do her part, but she does not feel pushed.I asked her about how she felt about her mortality. She said that she is not joyous about it, but she is accepting. She finds comfort in her faith. Integrity vs. Despair: I asked her about her current goals. She says that she strives to stay active, she wants to learn to play the piano, and she wants to lose twenty pounds. She feels comfortable about her life and the decisions she made. When I asked her about her opinion about the future of the united states, she said that she is very pessimistic about President Obama, the recession we are experiencing, and the national defeciet.

The Implementation Issues and Strategic Advantages of Lean Systems

The Implementation Issues and Strategic Advantages of Lean Systems Introduction The global manufacturing sector has undergone a notable transformation over the past years as evidenced by the growth in different manufacturing industries. The growth has been spurred by the profitability potential of the sector. Different companies have been established in the services and the industrial manufacturing sectors in the pursuit to exploit the sectors’ profitability. Uniq Limited is a medium sized company that has been established in the manufacturing sector.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Implementation Issues and Strategic Advantages of Lean Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm was established in 1998 and it specializes in the manufacture of fast moving apparels and footwear products. A workforce of 120 employees facilitates the company’s operations. Uniq Limited has experienced a positive performance in its profitability since its inception. Mah aevan (2010, p. 5) defines operations management as ‘a systematic approach to addressing issues in the transformation process that converts inputs into useful, revenue-generating outputs’. Operations management further underscores the importance of understanding and addressing problems and issues that arise in the manufacturing process. Thus, it calls for the adoption of effective solutions to operational issues faced. Mahaevan (2010) further affirms that the core aim of operations management is to minimize the cost and maximize revenue through effective planning and operations control. Despite the positive profitability trend, Uniq Limited is not free from challenges. One of the major challenges that the company faces arises from the increase in the intensity of competition. The high rate of globalization coupled with the emergence of e-commerce has led to a remarkable increment in consumer power. Currently, consumers are demanding value for their money, which means th at they are demanding more for less. One of the techniques that Uniq Limited has identified in its quest to achieve competitiveness entails implementation of a lean system. This paper entails a critical discussion on the implementation and strategic advantages associated with the integration of lean systems at Uniq Limited. Operations function at Uniq Limited Uniq Limited is focused on optimizing the level of customer satisfaction by offering customers high-quality apparel and footwear products. Thus, the company considers the operations function as one of the central operations management functions. To achieve maximize on the level of customer satisfaction, the company has integrated a comprehensive set of inputs and transformation process. Uniq Limited considers a set of inputs to meet the customers’ product needs. The inputs include raw materials, labor, time, money, capital equipment, and information. The transformation process enables the company to add value to the inpu ts. The company outsources the raw materials from low-cost countries to minimize the cost of the final product.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implementation and strategic issues of lean systems The integration of the lean system in the operations function will improve the company’s capacity to satisfy customers and to maximize profitability. The lean concept arises from the need to reduce the amount of duration that elapses between when the customer places an order and the actual delivery of the order. Black (2008, p. 56) argues that lean production involves ‘a new production approach that focuses on different aspects such as time reduction, quality, flexibility, and teamwork’. To benefit from the lean production approach, organizations must entrench lean systems that minimize resource utilization in the production process and that maximize the output. Charron, Harrington, and Voehl (2014) assert that the lean system is demand driven and focuses on ensuring that an organization achieves continuous improvement. Therefore, an organization only produces what the market requires. This aspect underscores the importance of integrating effective lean systems in the pursuit of competitive advantage. In the process of implementing the lean system, Uniq Limited management should take into account the following components as the core building blocks. Product design The first aspect that the organization should take into consideration entails the product design. Under the product design, the company should ensure that the standard parts that workers are required to use in the production process are specified. The organization should establish modular designs, which entails building smaller subsystems that should operate independently. Additionally, the organization should ensure that the lean system integrates a comprehen sive quality system. This aspect will ensure that the final product adheres to the company’s quality specifications. Process design The firm should ensure that the manufacturing process is well designed. To achieve this goal, the firm should consider several aspects. The core issues entail designing small lot sizes, setting up the required time reduction, and developing the manufacturing cells. The manufacturing cells entail establishing specific and efficient production centers. Thus, Uniq Limited should establish manufacturing centers for its footwear and apparel product categories. Establishing the manufacturing cells is critical in the organizations pursuit to maximize equipment utilization. Moreover, the cost of training workers is reduced because of the ease with which the organization can integrate the cross-employee training technique.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Implementation Issues and Strategic Advantages of Lean System s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employing the cross training technique is critical is essential in ensuring that the organization maximizes its human capital. For example, in the event of employee absenteeism, the firm can be able to conduct the production employee by implementing cross-departmental task delegation. The design process component should further be comprised of a quality improvement process. The reason for integrating a quality improvement process is to improve the ease with which the organization identifies quality defects in the production process. Subsequently, Uniq Limited will be able to improve the overall quality of the final product continuously. To improve the contribution of the lean system to the firm, Uniq Limited should ensure that the production process is flexible. This move will provide the firm with an opportunity to make the necessary adjustments easily to cater for market changes (Cudney, Furterer, Dietri ch 2013). The Process design component should further entrench a balanced system. The balanced system should take into account two main aspects. First, the organization should ensure that the production cycle time is aligned with the customers demand. Secondly, the production process should be based on an effectively designed work shift system. Thus, the production workload should be equitably distributed amongst the various workstations. Equitable distribution of workload is fundamental to ensuring that employees in some workstations are not overworked. Thus, the likelihood of an error occurring in the production process due to fatigue is minimized. Moreover, balancing the workload is critical in promoting employee productivity. Huthwaite (2007) asserts that a balanced working system promotes employee productivity. In the process of developing the process design, Uniq Limited should take into account inventory storage. The firm should ensure that the production process does not req uire long inventory storage duration. On the contrary, the inventory storage duration should be reduced as much as possible. Slack, Alistair, and Betts (2012) argue that minimizing the inventory storage duration enables an origination to limit the inventory carrying or holding duration. Nevertheless, the firm should maintain inventory buffers to eliminate delays in the production process due to resource shortage.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personnel and organizational components Despite the incorporation of effective product and process designs, the contribution of the lean system to an organization’s performance is subject to the level of employee commitment. Thus, Uniq Limited should consider its workforce as its most critical asset in implementing the lean system. To make the lean system functional, the firm should ensure that the employees are adequately trained and motivated. The training process should not only be limited to operations function. On the contrary, the training should be broad by focusing on areas such as problem-solving, statistical process control and quality improvement. Furthermore, the firm should consider integrating the cross-training approach to promote flexibility and line balancing in the production process. The rationale for training employees is to eradicate the talent gap that might hinder the efficiency with which the firm responds to the customers’ demands. Slack, Alist air, and Betts (2012, p, 87) assert that lean manufacturing systems ‘require highly skilled and educated employees to inspect, repair, and design the layout of the automated production technology’. This approach will enable the firm to minimize the duration that employees require to undertake the assigned production activities. In addition to training, the organization should ensure that the employees are motivated. This goal can be attained by giving employees an opportunity to make decisions related to the firms’ production process. In this case, Uniq Limited should give its workforce an opportunity to develop product designs to be considered for production purposes. This aspect will play a fundamental role in making employees develop the perception of being valued in the organization’s continuous improvement process. In line with its commitment to satisfy the customers’ demand, Uniq Limited has integrated the project approach. Thus, the firm†™s production activities are project based. The firm adopted the project-based approach because it specializes in the production of fast fashion. Thus, a specific production process must be completed within the set timeframe. Successful employee development will further be subject to the level of employee interaction. Thus, the firm should consider integrating the two-way communication approach. However, to promote two-way communication, the company should ensure that an effective leadership style is adopted. Mahaevan (2010) asserts that the leadership style has a direct influence on the employees’ commitment to job tasks. Manufacturing planning and control The last element that Uniq Limited should focus on in the implementation of the lean system entails manufacturing planning and control. Successful implementation of this building block depends on how effective the management team is committed to implementing different elements. The first element involves level loading, w hich entails the determination of the most appropriate sequence to adopt in the production process. The apparel and footwear production process at Uniq Limited is interdependent and moves from across different stages. Thus, the firm should consider the firm should integrate the push manufacturing system. This system is critical in eliminating errors. In its quest to ensure that the lean system contributes to improvement in the effectiveness of the project-based approach, Uniq Limited should foster the development of two-way communication within the firm. The two-way communication should not only be limited to workers. On the contrary, it should exist between the organization’s managers and lower level employees. The significance of establishing effective communication in the lean system is to promote efficient workflow between the various workstations. Subsequently, workers in the respective workstations appreciate the importance of collaborating in the production process. Th us, the likelihood of successful production is increased. Implementation of technology To integrate the lean system in its operation successfully, Uniq Limited should consider automating some of its operation functions. The implementation of technology is critical in minimizing the cost of operation. For example, the firms should consider automating the inventory management and employee training process. This aspect will minimize the amount of time and resources required to develop employees. On the other hand, automating the inventory management process will aid in reducing the cycle time. Alternatively, the product designing and quality control process should be automated to minimize errors in the final product. Strategic advantages of lean systems Uniq Limited is likely to benefit considerably by implementing the lean system. Some of the strategic benefits that the firm might acquire are expounded herein. Increased productivity Effective implementation of the lean system requires an organization to develop a well skilled and knowledgeable workforce. To achieve this goal, organizations intending to integrate the lean systems have an obligation to design and implement a comprehensive employees’ training program (Slack, Alistair, Betts 2012). By developing a competent and skilled workforce, Uniq Limited will benefit from increased employee productivity. For example, the firm’s employees will be promoting the firm’s ability to undertake continuous product improvement. High product quality Implementation of the lean system will increase the company’s competitiveness in the changing business environment. The integration of the lean system in the production process underscores the importance of teamwork in executing different operations functions. Through teamwork, the firm’s employees will have an opportunity to brainstorm and share ideas on how to undertake the assigned production tasks effectively and efficiently. Thus, the c hance of the team members developing feasible solutions on matters associated with product quality will be improved remarkably. Therefore, the firm will deliver high-quality products to the target customers. Reduced costs Lean systems are based on minimal utilization of resources and maximization of output. For example, the lean system underscores the importance of operating using a lean workforce. Thus, the cost of operation arising from a large salaries and wage budget is reduced. Moreover, optimizing the resources available will enable the firm to minimize the occurrence of wastage in the production process. The reduction of operations and manufacturing costs increases the likelihood of an organization maximizing its profitability. A lean system further leads to the reduction in the overall cost of operation by limiting the inventory levels and the carrying cost (Slack, Alistair, Betts 2012). Conclusion Uniq Limited decision to implement the lean system in its operations functio n can contribute to remarkable improvement in the firm’s performance. The improvement in the firm’s competitiveness will arise from the strategic benefits associated with the lean systems. Some of the core benefits include increased productivity, reduced cost of operation, and production of high-quality products. However, the firm must ensure that the lean system is implemented effectively by taking into account the fundamental building blocks. Reference List Black, J 2008, Lean production; implementing a world-class system, Industrial Press, New York. Charron, R, Harrington, J Voehl, F 2014, The lean management systems Handbook, CRC Press, New Jersey. Cudney, E, Furterer, S Dietrich, D 2013, Lean systems; applications and case studies in manufacturing, service and health care, CRC Press, New York. Huthwaite, B 2007, The lean design solution; a practical guide to streamlining product  design and development, Institute for Lean Design, Mackinac Island. Mahaevan, B 2 010, Operations management; theory and practice, Pearson, Upper Saddle River. Slack, N, Alistair, B Betts, J 2012, Operations and process management, principles and practices for strategic impact, Pearson, Harlow.

KOZLOWSKI Surname Meaning and Origin

KOZLOWSKI Surname Meaning and Origin The Polish surname Kozlowski is generally considered to be a geographical surname, bestowed upon an individual originally from a place named Kozlow, Kozlowo, or something similar, from the root koziol, meaning he-goat. KozÅ‚owski is the 12th most common surname in Poland. KozÅ‚owska, the  feminine version of the surname, is the 12th most common surname among females. Surname Origin:  Polish Alternate Surname Spellings: KOZLOWSKI, KOZLOWICZ, KOZLOWICZ, KOZLOW, KOZLOW, KOZLOWSKA Where do People With the Surname KOZLOWSKI Live? According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Kozlowski last name are found in the greatest numbers in Poland, followed by the United States, Australia and Germany The greatest concentration of individuals named Kozlowski are found in northern and central Poland, especially the voivodeships (provinces)  of Podlaski, Warminsko-Marzurskie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Mazowieckie and Wielkopolskie.  The Polish-specific surname distribution map on  moikrewni.pl calculates the population distribution of surnames down to the district level, identifying over 34,000 people with the Kozlowski surname living in Poland, with the majority found in Ã… Ãƒ ³dÃ… º, followed by Bialystok, PoznaÅ„, WrocÅ‚aw, GdaÅ„sk, Bydgoszcz, Krakà ³w and Szczecin. Famous People With the Surname KOZLOWSKI Leon KozÅ‚owski: Polish archaeologist and politician; Prime Minister of Poland 1934–1935Maciej Kozlowski: Polish actorGlen Kozlowski: former NFL wide receiver for the Chicago Bears Genealogy Resources for the Surname KOZLOWSKI Kozlowski Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Kozlowski surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Kozlowski surname query.FamilySearch - KOZLOWSKI Genealogy: Access over 144,000 free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Kozlowski surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Polish Genealogy Databases Online: Search for information on Kozlowski ancestors in this collection of Polish genealogy databases and indexes from Poland, the United States and other countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Bergenfield, NJ: Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia.  Bergenfield, NJ:  Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.Hoffman, William F. Polish Surnames: Origins and Meanings.  Chicago:  Polish Genealogical Society, 1993.Rymut, Kazimierz. Nazwiska Polakow.  Wroclaw: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich - Wydawnictwo, 1991.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Justification of CSR to Key Stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Justification of CSR to Key Stakeholders - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in his statement, Friedman asserts that the business of the company is the business of the enterprise. In saying this, he attempted to show that corporate social responsibility is not desirable at all. Moreover, he argued that the only CSR of a company is to maximize profit and any use of its resources for the benefit of the other stakeholders is a waste of resources by the management. However, there are several ways in which corporate social responsibility can be justified to the key stakeholders of the company as outlined below. One of the ways in which CSR can be justified to stakeholders is on the benefits that accrue to the consumer before they are eventually transferred to the company. CSR enables the company to provide quality products to customers. The products are also measured in their right quantities, appropriately packed and are fairly priced. In doing this, companies observe corporate social responsibility to their consumers. On the other han d, benefits are accrued to the firm in the form of customer loyalty and increased demand for the products produced by the company. CSR to the customers translates into increased sales in the long run. Secondly, CSR to the suppliers also benefits the company. Companies regularly deal with many suppliers hence the need to observe CSR with these suppliers. One way of doing this entails offering fair chances in tender allocation, prompt payment and also avoiding default in payments. The emergent benefits can be used to justify the need for CSR in any business. One of the advantages of this is that a firm can receive goods on credit from the supplier due to the good relationship attributed to CSR. Also, the providers tend to offer quality supplies to their best customers and hence the business would immensely benefit. Notwithstanding, the market is likely to receive services from providers at a subsidized rate when it observes corporate social responsibility towards them. In this light, there is a need for any business to be socially responsible to its suppliers.

Glaxo Smith Kline's Business Strategy Case Study

Glaxo Smith Kline's Business Strategy - Case Study Example 2004, p. 10). Two of the four elements of a strategy, internal competencies and shortcomings are within the organization and can be controlled by it, if properly appraised. The other two, changes in the environment and intelligent moves by competitors are external forces, and require adoption or modification of action sequences and determined policies to achieve organisational goals and fulfilling stakeholder expectations. Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), one of the largest companies operating in the "technically innovative" and highly competitive "global market" pharmaceutical industry. (Lynch 2006, p. 191). In the pharmaceutical industry, obsolescence is a constant challenge and companies are required to constantly replenish old drugs, which means that the research and development 'pipeline' should be kept flowing. The development of a single new drug is estimated to cost up to $ 500 million and takes several years. However once developed a new drug has patent protection which means the company that developed the drug can have exclusive marketing rights for a period of (generally) ten years from the time the patent is registered. The drugs are marketed to customers - as doctors, hospitals and government health agencies through large sales forces. Companies employ several thousand specialist sales personnel in North America alone. All these operations require large financial outlays. Therefore organisational size does matter as revenue generation normally corresponds to size. According to Michael Porter, five external forces impact businesses. They are industry competitors, potential new entrants, substitutes, suppliers and buyers. (Porter 2004, p. 4) He offers three generic strategies to meet the challenges of these forces: cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Porter 2004, p. 35). While questioning some of the premises on which Porter based his theory, in a provocatively titled box, "Bye, Mr. Porter", (Whittington 2001, p. 67), Whittington proposes three strategies for companies to achieve growth: they are innovation, diversification and internationalisation. (Whittington 2001, p. 73). As we have seen innovation is an intrinsic factor that is necessary for survival in the pharmaceutical industry, diversification implies diversification, integration and takeovers. During the nineties many pharmaceutical companies have taken the 'mergers and acquisitions' route to augment their c ompetitiveness and enhance financial outcomes such as revenue generation and profitability by: Increasing and consolidating organizational size for Achieving economies of scale and reducing costs Complementing/extending ranges of products and services Replenishing

Food and Beverage Operations Management Assignment

Food and Beverage Operations Management - Assignment Example As a result of that different service and production system pertaining to the industry has been framed for the purpose of incorporating hygienic production and distribution system which ultimately results in health and nutrition of every consumer. Reports have also suggested that food and beverage industry has been the mainstay in the development of any country’s economy. According to Blazey (2009), whether it is a chemical or Pesticide Company, a biotech or a genetics firm, hotels, restaurants, or even large supermarkets such as the Walmart, Costco or Target Corporation; each of the business or industry revolves around beverage and food sector. Now, in the context of food and beverage production and service system, it has unique characteristics in comparison to the production and service delivery system of other products. The following are the characteristics: - The demand for food and beverages occurs at the peak time such as breakfast, lunch and dinner. However, other than these periods food industry generally experiences a lean phase. The demands for food might vary according to the time of the year as well as the events taking place in the surroundings. Hence, on the basis of the season and time of the year, the production and distribution system undergoes enormous amount of change. The food production and services are highly labour intensive. The industry requires both unskilled and skilled labour. The menu changes at regular interval of time and hence the production and distribution system changes (Dunne, Lusch and Carver, 2011). Both food and beverages are perishable in nature and as a result of that foods are required to be handled properly before, after and during the process of preparation. Figure 1 - Flow of Food (Source: Hollensen, 2007) 1.2 Discuss factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systems The recipes and menus get strongly affected by a number of factors. Broadly, food service systems are classified as a cook and chill, conv entional, assembly and commissioners serve (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2011). The conventional food service is the type of service where food is prepared and is eaten at the same place. Cook and chill are the service where food is prepared and is eaten after a certain period of time, the commissioner is the system where food is prepared and is taken somewhere for eating and lastly in assembly service the food is brought to a new location and it requires reheating before actually consuming it. The factors which affect the recipes and menus for a specific system are as follows: - Demand of customers: - The consumer demands are probably the most vital factor that affects the recipes and menus. The tendency of customer demands is observed and a menu is prepared on the basis of that only (Lingar, 2007). Seasonality: - Seasonality is a major factor. Being a perishable product, it has strong dependence on season. For example, ice cream or cold drinks are hardly consumed during winters and as a result of that menu needs to be changed and alternate items such as juice need to be on the menu. Budget and Ability: - The budget and ability of the restaurant are also considered before finalizing the menu. For example, if there is a shortage of staff members or lack of ingredients, the menu list needs of to be shortened (Nazarko, 2004). 1.3 Compare the cost and staffing

A Brief Background On Nestle Marketing Essay

A Brief Background On Nestle Marketing Essay In the 1860s Henri Nestlà ©, a pharmacist, developed a food for babies who were unable to breastfeed. His first success was a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. People quickly recognized the value of the new product, after Nestlà ©s new formula saved the childs life, and soon, Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was being sold in much of Europe. In 1905 Nestlà © merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, Britain, Germany and Spain. World War I created new demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts. By the end of the war, Nestlà ©s production had more than doubled. After the war Government contracts dried up and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlà ©s management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlà ©s first expansion into new products, with chocolate the Companys second most important activity Nestlà © felt the effects of World War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 million in 1938 to $6 million in 1939. Factories were established in developing countries, particularly Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the Companys newest product, Nescafà ©, which was a staple drink of the US military. Nestlà ©s production and sales rose in the wartime economy. 1944-1975 The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlà ©. Growth accelerated and companies were acquired. In 1947 came the merger with Maggi seasonings and soups. Crosse Blackwell followed in 1960, as did Findus (1963), Libbys (1971) and Stouffers (1973). Diversification came with a shareholding in LOrà ©al in 1974. 1975-1981 Nestlà ©s growth in the developing world partially offset a slowdown in the Companys traditional markets. Nestlà © made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.. 1981-1995 Nestlà © divested a number of businesses1980 / 1984. In 1984, Nestlà ©s improved bottom line allowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most important being American food giant Carnation. 1996-2002 The first half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestlà ©: trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 there have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Petfoods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002: in July, Nestlà © merged its U.S. ice cream business into Dreyers, and in August, a USD 2.6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc. 2003 + The year 2003 started well with the acquisition of  Mà ¶venpick Ice Cream, enhancing  Nestlà ©s position as one of the world market leaders in this product category.   In 2006, Jenny Craig and Uncle Tobys were added to the Nestlà © portfolio and 2007 saw  Novartis Medical Nutrition, Gerber and Henniez join the Company.   Nestlà © is the worlds leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company. We are committed to increasing the nutritional value of our products while improving the taste. We  achieve this through our  brands and with initiatives like the Nutritional Compass. Since Henri Nestlà © developed the first milk food for infants in 1867, and saved the life of a neighbours child, the Nestlà © Company has aimed to build a business as the worlds leading nutrition, health and wellness company  based on sound human values and principles. The Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles are at the basis of our companys culture. We have built our business on the fundamental principle that to have long-term success for our shareholders, we not only have to comply with all applicable legal requirements and ensure that all our activities are sustainable, but additionally we have to create significant value for society. At Nestlà © we call this Creating Shared Value. Our  Corporate Business Principles will continue to evolve and adapt to a changing world, our basic foundation is unchanged from the time of the origins of our Company, and reflects the basic ideas of fairness, honesty, and a general concern for people. Nestlà © is committed to the following Business Principles in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices: Nestlà ©s business objective is to manufacture and market the Companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. Nestlà © does not favour short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development. Nestlà © recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the behaviour, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would not exist. Nestlà © believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of responsible conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to staff in the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization. Nestlà © is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and the responsible attitude of its management and employees. Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial. Nestlà © continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local laws in each of its markets. The Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles The ten principles of business operations Consumers; 1 Nutrition, Health and Wellness 2 Quality assurance and product safety 3 Consumer communication Human rights and labour practices 4 Human rights in our business activities Our people 5 Leadership and personal responsibility 6 Safety and health at work Suppliers and customers 7 Supplier and customer relations 8 Agriculture and rural development The environment 9 Environmental sustainability 10 Water Consumers Nutrition, Health and Wellness Our core aim is to enhance the quality of consumers lives every day, everywhere by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. We express this via our corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Quality assurance and product safety Everywhere in the world, the Nestlà © name represents a promise to the consumer that the product is safe and of high standard. Consumer communication We are committed to responsible, reliable consumer communication that empowers consumers to exercise their right to informed choice andpromotes healthier diets. We respect consumer privacy. Human rights in our business activities We fully support the United Nations Global Compacts(UNGC) guiding principles on human rights and labour andaim to provide an example of good human rights and labourpractices throughout our business activities. Leadership and personal responsibility Our success is based on our people. We treat each other with respect and dignity and expect everyone to promote a sense of personal responsibility. We recruit competent and motivated people who respect our values, provide equal opportunities for their development and advancement, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Safety and health at work We are committed to preventing accidents, injuries and illness related to work,and to protect employees, contractors and others involved along the value chain. Supplier and customer relations We require our suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness, and to adhere to our non-negotiable standards. In the same way, we are committed towards our own customers. Agriculture and rural development We contribute to improvements in agricultural production, the social and economic status of farmers, rural communities and in production systems to make them more environmentally sustainable. Environmental sustainability We commit ourselves to environmentally sustainable business practices. At all stages of the product life cycle we strive to use natural resources efficiently, favour the use of sustainably-managed renewable resources, and target zero waste. Water We are committed to the sustainable use of water and continuous improvement in water management. We recognise that the world faces a growing water challenge and that responsible management of the worlds resources by all water users is an absolute necessity. Commitment of the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Chairman of the Board We believe in the importance of a strong compliance culture that is fully embedded in our business. The Corporate Business Principles and the supporting documents reflect this commitment and thus protect the trust of our consumers and other stakeholders in the Nestlà © brand. Our internal rules not only require strict compliance with the law, they guide our actions even if the law is more lenient or where there is no applicable law at all. For Nestlà ©, upholding compliance goes beyond keeping checklists. It requires steadfast principles that apply across the whole Company, providing clear guidance to our people. As the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer of Nestlà ©, we are committed to making sure that our entire Company is managed according to these principles and require adherence to them from all our employees around the world. We are also committed to continuous improvement and are open to external engagement regarding any area of our Corporate Business Principles. The Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles are at the basis of our companys culture, which has developed over the span of 140 years. Since Henri Nestlà © first developed his successful infant cereal Farine Lactà ©e, we have built our business on the fundamental principle that to have long-term success for our shareholders, we not only have to comply with all applicable legal requirements and ensure that all our activities are sustainable, but additionally we have to create significant value for society. At Nestlà © we call this Creating Shared Value. Although our Nestlà © Corporate Business Principles were first published as an integrated document in 1998, most had already been established in individual form many years before. While the Business Principles are firmly established, they also continue to evolve and adapt to a changing world. For instance, Nestlà © incorporated all ten principles of the United Nations Global Compact soon after their creation and continues to implem ent them today. This latest revision differs from the previous two versions in that it establishes Creating Shared Value as Nestlà ©s fundamental business principle. In addition, each principle is specifically linked to on-line copies of more detailed principles, policies, Standards and guidelines. This has allowed the statement of each principle to be more succinct, while providing more detailed implementing measures related to each one on the worldwide web. Also, for the first time, a map of the principles and an overview of related company measures is included at the start of the document. We believe in the importance of a strong compliance culture that is fully embedded in our business. The Corporate Business Principles and the supporting documents reflect this commitment and thus protect the trust of our consumers and other stakeholders in the Nestlà © brand. Our internal rules not only require strict compliance with the law, they guide our actions even if the law is more lenient or where there is no applicable law at all. For Nestlà ©, upholding compliance goes beyond keeping checklists. It requires steadfast principles that apply across the whole Company, providing clear guidance to our people. As the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer of Nestlà ©, we are committed to making sure that our entire Company is managed according to these principles and require adherence to them from all our employees around the world. We are also committed to continuous improvement and are open to external engagement regarding any area of our Corporate Business Principles. MISSION STATEMENT At Nestle we believe that research can help us make better food so that people live a better life Marketing and sales Nestle is one of the worlds largest global food companies.    It has over 500 factories in 76 countries, and sells its products in 193 nations.    Only 1% of sales and 3% of employees are located in its home country, Switzerland.    Having reached the limits of growth and profitable penetration in most Western markets, Nestle turned its attention to emerging markets in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America for growth.    Many of these countries are relatively poor, but the economies are growing quickly.    Thus a consumer base capable of buying many Nestle products will develop over the next couple of decades. Nestle tries to enter emerging markets ahead of competitors, and build a substantial position in basic foodstuffs.    As income levels rise, the company progressively moves from these niches into more upscale items.    It very much focuses on developing local goods for local markets, however, and places relatively less emphasis on its global brands in emerging markets.    It also localizes its distribution and marketing strategy to the requirements of the local market.    When good opportunities are available, Nestle acquires local firms. Nestle is a very decentralized organization, with operating decisions pushed down to local units.    On top of this are both a SBU organization focused around food groups, and a regional organization that tries to help rationalize production and marketing among nearby countries.    Helping hold the organization together is a group of managers who rotate around the world on various assignments. During the year under review the company ach ieved sustainable profitable growth by capitalizing on the opportunity presented by a positive business environment. This became possible through successful marketing and sales strategies and focus on key initiatives. Innovation and renovation remained the key to development of new products. Because Nestle competes in a broad range of geographic areas as well as in a broad range of product categories, it faces competition from an equally broad range of companies. Some of its competitors are multinational organizations with similar product lines that cross regional bounds. These include Philip Morris, RJR Nabisco and Unilever. Other companies focus on a single product area in which Nestle competes. The result of this type of competition is that Nestle must compete vigorously across its international customer base. Since the product categories in which Nestle participates are no longer in the introductory or growth phase, there is increased price pressure, as well, which means that companies who do not focus on marketing and on competitive pricing can quickly lose large amounts of market share which can be difficult to recover. In some cases, smaller competitors have brought pressure on governments to help regulate the activities of Nestle; this is not different from compa nies in other countries. The acquisition of Source Perrier is a prime example of this. Although Nestle had acquired other companies in the past which had similar products to its own, the Source Perrier acquisition brought considerable critics. Nestle uses local brands in a wide range of local markets and focuses on trying to optimize ingredients and processing technology to local conditions. That is why, the company needs to be flexible and able to adapt rapidly to local demand and cultural differences. Doing business in different countries means different ethical standards, different business expectations, and different cultural norms. Nestle claims that it can reduce risks and concentrate its marketing resources by narrowing its initial market focus to just a few strategic brands. Its global strategy must be backed up with the necessary financial and human resources and knowledge management should be introduced to spread information throughout the company. Clearly, the entrance of a company into the global marketplace creates numerous challenges. Knowing that innovation and quality were key determinants, Nestle transferred these distinctive competencies to foreign markets. In Nigeria, for example, Nestle had to rethink i ts traditional distribution methods (operating a central warehouse), because the road system was poorly developed and there was much violence. This example shows, that the company was able to respond quickly to different local conditions. You are required to relate all your findings to Nestle. Task 1 You are required to compare alternative definitions of marketing. In your opinion what would be the appropriate definition for Nestle, justify your answer.(outcome 1.1) Definitions: alternative definitions including those of the Chartered Institute of Marketing and the American Marketing Association, satisfying customers needs and wants, value and satisfaction, exchange relationships, the changing emphasis of marketing. Definition of marketing (4 is enough) a) which definition is more appropriate for Nestle. b) you can chooseyour own definition too. Task 2 Identify the main characteristics of a marketing oriented organization and how do u think Nestle fair in this. (outcome 1.2) Marketing concept: evolution of marketing, business orientations, societal issues and emergent philosophies, customer and competitor orientation, efficiency and effectiveness, limitations of the marketing concept. Main characteristic of a marketing oriented organization Link it to Nestle Task 3 Explain the various elements of the marketing concept. Relate your findings to Nestle (outcome 1.3) Marketing process overview: marketing audit, integrated marketing, environmental analysis, SWOT analysis, marketing objectives, constraints, options, plans to include target markets and marketing mix, scope of marketing. Marketing concept Relate to Nestle Task 4 You need to Identify and assess the benefits and costs of a marketing approach. Do you think Nestle has achieve this? Justify your answer. (outcome 1.4) Costs and benefits: benefits of building customer satisfaction, desired quality, service and customer care, relationship marketing, customer retention, customer profitability, costs of too narrow a marketing focus, total quality marketing. How to build customer satisfaction Desired quality are achieved Service and customer care Relationship marketing Customer retention Customer profitability Cost of 2 narrow and marketing focus Total quality marketing Relate this to Nestle Task 5 Identify and explain macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions. You need to do an analysis as to how Nestle is affected with micro and macro environment and how do they overcome the problems encountered. (outcome 1.5) Macro-environment: environmental scanning, political, legal, economic, socio-cultural, ecological and technological factors. What their news are? What happend? How they solve it? Task 6 Propose segmentation criteria to be used for two products in different markets. You are required to choose any two products of nestle and propose the segmentation appropriately. (outcome 1.6) Micro- environmental: stakeholders (organisations own employees, suppliers, customers, intermediaries, owners, financiers, local residents, pressure groups and competitors), direct and indirect competitors, Porters competitive forces. Segmentation: (e.g baby product/ health product) What is segmentation Why is it important? Relate it to Nestle What kind of market they are going to propose Task 7 Outline the factors which influence the choice of targeting strategy. As Nestle has wide range of products in many different countries you can choose any products and compare how the strategy differs in one country to another. (outcome 1.7) Buyer behaviour: dimensions of buyer behaviour, environmental influences, personal variables- demographics, sociological, physiological- motivation, perception and learning, social factors, physiological stimuli, attitudes, other lifestyle and lifecycle variables, consumer and organisational buying. What is marketing strategy all about? Why is it important? What is the benefit? Relate it to Nestle Task 8 You are required to explain how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in two different buying situations. Relate your findings to Nestle. (outcome 1.8) Segmentation: process of market selection, macro and micro segmentation, bases for segmenting markets is geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural; multivariable segmentation and typologies, benefits of segmentation, evaluation of segments and targeting strategies, positioning, segmentation, evaluation of segments and targeting strategies, positioning, segmenting industrial markets, size, value, standards, industrial classification. What is buyer behaviour? Why doing buyer behaviour analysis? Relate it to Nestle